"Adjusting the transport structure should be the main direction for the next stage of air pollution control." At the discussion stage of the joint group meeting of the Civil Construction Sectors of the National People's Political Consultative Conference and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Liu Bingjiang, made a speech on March 10, emphasizing that adjusting the transportation structure as soon as possible and guiding freight transportation from highway to railway are the necessary measures to implement the spirit of the Central Committee and improve air quality.

Improving air quality, transportation structure adjustment and industrial structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment are equally important.

"The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly calls for winning the battle of defending the blue sky. The Central Economic Work Conference has further deployed the plan to adjust the transport structure, reduce the volume of road freight and increase the volume of railway freight. This gives us the fundamental measures to prevent and control air pollution." Liu Bingjiang said in an interview that air pollution is caused by the high proportion of heavy and chemical industries in the industrial structure and the excessive proportion of coal in the energy structure. It is also related to the unreasonable regional transportation structure, especially the excessive transportation of bulk goods by highways.

Data show that motor vehicle pollution has become an important source of air pollution, and the nitrogen oxides emitted by motor vehicles account for about one third of the total, while the nitrogen oxides emitted by motor vehicles mainly come from diesel trucks. Diesel trucks account for 10% of the total vehicle ownership in China. The emission of nitrogen oxides accounts for 70% of the total vehicle emissions and PM exceeds 90%.

"In the past, we mainly punished the owners who exceeded the emission standards, but most of the diesel truck owners were self-employed, which made it very difficult to implement." Ding Yan, deputy director of the Vehicle Emission Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, calls this management method "terminal treatment".

"Pollutant discharge from electrified railway freight transport is close to zero." He said, "In the aspect of freight transportation, the ratio of energy consumption per unit freight turnover is 1:7, and the discharge of major pollutants is 1:13. Preliminary estimates show that if 5% of the freight volume in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is adjusted from road transportation to railway transportation, 35,000 tons of nitrogen oxides and 0.5 million tons of particulate matter can be reduced annually.

Taking Beijing as an example, according to the situation that reporters learned from Yanqing Jinjing Comprehensive Inspection Station, in the past, about 8,000 trucks entered northwest Beijing every day, more than 70% of them were heavy diesel trucks transporting coal, of which 60% were transiting to Tianjin Port, which emitted more than 7,000 tons of nitrogen oxides every year.

At the beginning of last year, after a long and long process of heavy pollution, facing the key node of the first stage of the "Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution" (hereinafter referred to as "Ten Articles of Atmosphere"), on February 17, 2017, the Ministry of Environmental Protection led the publication of "Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and the surrounding areas for the prevention and control of air pollution in 2017". The case (hereinafter referred to as the "Work Programme") clearly requires that "Tianjin Port will no longer accept coal for road transportation".

Reporters learned from Tianjin Port Company that after receiving the Work Programme, it took only more than two months. Tianjin Port stopped receiving coal by Road on April 30, 2017, three months ahead of schedule. By October last year, all ports in the Bohai Sea region no longer received the port coal for diesel truck transport.

This is followed by a marked decline in the number of diesel trucks passing through Beijing. Zhao Ruiqi, head of the motor vehicle emission management station of Beijing Yanqing District Environmental Protection Bureau, told reporters that from the observation data of Yanqing area, after the implementation of the Work Program, the number of coal-carrying vehicles entering the country was reduced by 3000 to 4000 per day. According to expert estimates, this reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides along the highway by 50 tons per day and the average PM2.5 years by more than 2 micrograms/cubic meters, which confirms the proposal that "public transit rail" can fundamentally reduce atmospheric pollutants at the source.

In summarizing the successful accomplishment of the five-year objectives and tasks of the Ten Atmospheric Regulations, Liu Bingjiang changed all coal gathering ports around the Bohai Sea from railway transportation to "key measures".

Railway freight volume continues to decline, and highway and railway freight charges need to be solved.

Increasing railway freight volume has obvious environmental significance. However, there are still many difficulties to be overcome in the implementation of public transit railway.

Take Hebei Province as an example, in 2016, the freight cars from Hebei expressway were up to 101 billion 700 million times. Among them, 49.09 million trucks were used in other areas, and the emission of particulate matter from heavy-duty trucks has become an important source of air pollution in Hebei Province.

What causes the domestic coal, ore and other commodity freight transportation more and more choose the highway?

Price is perhaps the most important problem that can not be avoided.

"Railway has the advantage of long-distance transportation of bulk materials. Many iron and steel enterprises in Tianjin, Hebei and other places are only 100 kilometers away from the port, and most of them do not have dedicated railway lines. Highway occupies this part of the short-distance transportation market relying on its convenience." Jiang Hongtao, head of marketing department of Freight Transport Department of China Railway Corporation, explained that coal transportation around Bohai Sea ports is mainly gathering port transportation, mainly by railway, accounting for about 87%; ore transportation is mostly dredging port transportation, mainly by road, accounting for more than 93%.

Reporters found in interviews, in order to improve the railway coal transport capacity, the general use of 80 tons per section of C80 truck-skin transport, but dredging ore only use 70 tons per section of C60, C70 truck-skin, in order to adapt to enterprise users unloading equipment. In addition, the different operation paths between Jigang Coal and Shugang Ore Railway lead to the arrival of freight cars transporting coal at the port, but they return empty in the face of Shugang Ore, which wastes a lot of railway transport capacity.

"Highway transportation is much more flexible. After pulling coal to the port, the return empty rate is very low, and the cost of pickup transportation naturally decreases." Jiang Hongtao said.

Although the international experience shows that the average freight rate per ton kilometer of railway is about 0.15 yuan, and the road freight rate is often three to five times, a transportation industry insider who would not give his name told reporters that the cost of domestic automobile transportation is lower. "Although the basic freight rate of Railways is low, most enterprises do not have dedicated lines, but they also have to produce vehicle transportation fees and train handling fees at both ends."

According to his introduction, to transport a ton of ore from Huanghua Port to Handan Iron and Steel Company, the railway cost 108 yuan, while the automobile cost only about 50 yuan.

"Highway freight widespread overloading, using poor quality fuel oil and other issues, seemingly low prices, in fact no consideration of safety, environment, is the consequences of vicious competition." Ding Yan said, environmental protection and public security departments to carry out joint diesel truck exhaust, exceed the standard overloading of comprehensive law enforcement inspection, forced to increase the proportion of railway freight.

In fact, in 9 months to 2016 years, our country has implemented is called the history of the most stringent "highway overload" deal, forbidden overload, road transport prices generally rose, also lead to return part of the supply rail.

"The railway transportation based on the special track, basically difficult to achieve full coverage of the" door-to-door "service for small and medium enterprises, there must be" the last mile delivery problem." Jiang Hongtao admitted to reporters.

Through further interviews, the reporter found that, compared with the main individual operations of the highway freight, rail freight service is lagging behind. A lot of coal, iron and steel enterprise owners said that the railway freight threshold higher than the road, not only to the railway wagon approval, decentralized management, the existence of competing interests, once involved in different Railway Bureau under the jurisdiction of the transport operation is more difficult.

The structural adjustment of transportation has a wide impact, and the reform of institutional mechanisms is expected.

With the fall of the Tianjin port, Bohai port coal transportation ring does not receive this ban, Chinese Railway Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the total iron) immediately adjust the North China transportation arrangement, actively undertake the original set of port coal by automobile transportation.

Data show that in 2017, Bohai port coal throughput reached 6.77 billion tons, an increase of 13% over the same period last year. Coal transportation "revolution of iron" this policy not only did not affect the energy supply, to ensure the air quality of Beijing Tianjin Hebei is improved at the same time, the national rail freight an increase of 0.1 percentage points since 2005, to curb the trend of continuous decline in the market share.

Of course, the impact of transport structural adjustment affects all aspects. According to the Ministry of transport announced the port rankings, 2017, Tangshan port cargo throughput goes beyond the port of Tianjin.

"In 2017, because of the transport structure adjustment policy, the port of Tianjin port coal had been reduced by about 29000000 tons." Tianjin port company responsible person told reporters that the Tianjin Port Road in Hong Kong will no longer receive coal, this part of the coal to undertake the railway transport, loading and unloading equipment ample Tangshan port.

It can be seen that the further expansion of the "public transit railway" will bring more important interests adjustment. Therefore, the trend of this policy affects countless attention.

According to the reporter, the Bohai sea port in Port coal to achieve full revolution of iron ", transportation structure adjustment in Hebei Province, Tangshan City second only boots landing. 2 27, Hebei Province, Tangshan City people's government and the Beijing Railway Bureau Group Co., Chinese officially signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement, which means that the Caofeidian harbor ore from 3 month 1 day gradually transferred from the railway transportation, next year will achieve full revolution of iron".

To achieve this goal, Beijing iron and steel Bureau of China Railway will expand a number of private lines for iron and steel enterprises. More importantly, the total iron in Beijing, two in Taiyuan Railway Bureau under the jurisdiction of the scope of a larger adjustment in Hong Kong responsible for coal transportation by the Taiyuan Railway Bureau, responsible for the transportation of ore distribution by the Beijing Railway Bureau, completely eliminating the area of Tangshan Railway Bureau between different interests of the barriers. The last time such a division of labor productivity layout adjustment is 10 years ago, so it is the industry that is to deepen the reform of the railway system move essay.

According to reporters from the iron general understanding of the situation, 2018 years of railway freight transportation annual work targets is an increase of two hundred million tons, growth of 6.9%, which means that this year the national railway freight volume will reach 31.18 tons. As of now, the total iron has organized all 18 Railway Bureau and the more than 1000 companies signed a mutual agreement to delivery of goods more than 20 tons, and in the first two months of this year achieved freight volume increased by 8 percentage points off "".

For the adjustment of transportation structure under an action, Jiang Hongtao said that the total iron will focus on strengthening the coal transportation and coastal Jin-Shan-Mong port transportation organization, is expected in April this year, ~5 months, will open the train in the railway Mongolia Hebei million tons, the annual increase of 40 million tons of coal line, and then increase the tile line on Daqin line 20 million tons and 15 million tons.

There are also concerns about the railway fixed asset investment arrangement this year. According to Jiang Hongtao said, in order to ensure the coal transportation from north to south, west east coal, railway mobile equipment will increase investment, plans to purchase 8000 C80 wagon, 6000 C70 and 1000 units of bulk grain wagon, and 256 locomotives.

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